FPCI Chapter UI’s Diplomatic Visit 2024: Insights on The UN in Indonesia

Written by Rafachrist Nehemia and Graciana Eva

External Events Division FPCI Chapter UI Board of 2024

On Friday afternoon, September 27, 2024, members of FPCI Chapter Universitas Indonesia gathered for an insightful visit to the United Nations (UN) in Indonesia, located in the heart of Jakarta. This visit was a part of the Diplomatic Visit 2024, an initiative under the External Events Division’s program.

About FPCI Chapter UI’s Diplomatic Visit 2024

The Diplomatic Visit is an annual programme held by the External Event division with the objective of facilitating FPCI Chapter UI’s active members to visit leading institutions engaged in foreign policy and meet with their representatives to discuss the role of these institutions in addressing international issues. Last year, this programme visited the renowned Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. This year, we were honored to visit the UN in Indonesia.

Short Brief About the Visit to the UN in Indonesia

Located near Jakarta’s busy area, Sarinah district, the UN Office in Indonesia is housed in Thamrin Menara Tower. Upon our arrival, members were welcomed to the Papua Room. The highlight of the event was the presentation sessions conducted by the UN’s local officers, who spoke based on their respective duties.

Insights from the Dialogues

With the theme of “The UN in a World of Conflicts: Mediation, Peacekeeping, and Diplomacy,” the UN in Indonesia presented its various roles in addressing multidimensional international issues. Three key topics were highlighted in today’s dialogues: the UN’s roles in general, the SDGs Agenda in Indonesia, and the UNHCR’s role in Indonesia. These topics were presented by knowledgeable speakers who are experts in their respective fields: Ms. Siska Widyawati, Ms. Radhe Ayu, and Ms. Dwita Aryani—all of whom are local officers of the UN in Indonesia.

The UN in General

“Is the UN still relevant in today’s world?” asked Ms. Widyawati. A critical yet interesting question opened up ways for critical thinking among the members at the beginning of her presentation. To address this inquiry, she recounted the history of the establishment of the United Nations. In principle, the UN is founded on its main goal: maintaining world peace. Following the dissolution of the League of Nations, nation-states recognized the importance of strengthening multilateral organization to foster peace. In line with its fundamental principle, the UN has expanded its scope towards conflict prevention with five main functions, which are maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.

However, the triggering question has yet to be addressed. Given the escalating regional turmoil in the Middle East, the UN seems to lack effective instruments for controlling and preventing tensions. Ms. Widyawati revisited the long and dynamic negotiation process between Palestine and Israel in addressing the heating tension. The UN General Assembly’s mandate has been cleared to give the Palestinian rights for self-determination, sovereignty, independence, and refugee return. Nevertheless, the UNGA lacks the power afforded to the Security Council. The UN Secretary General, António Guterres, has called for reforms to the veto power of the Security Council. Therefore, we may conclude that while the UN has made numerous efforts to address, prevent, and manage regional tensions in today’s era, the complexities inherent in these tensions pose significant challenges for the UN.

The SDGs Agenda in Indonesia

Responding to the previous discourse on The UN’s role in today’s world, Ms. Radhe Ayu shifted the focus as she initiated an idea to reflect upon; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the key to the world’s peace. The bold statement is not without reason. Sustainable Development Goals have been constructed meticulously in order to ensure universal prosperity in addition to its principle which are universal, integration, and Leave No One Behind. As the words of Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary General (2007-2016), “They (The SDGs) are the blueprint for a better world.” The SDGs work in a chain of events. In achieving a sustainable goal, the other goals are also subjected to success and somewhat forming a kind of ecosystem. Thus, it is important to make sure strategies in prioritizing each goal are balanced. Ms. Radhe Ayu proceeded to lay out data on Indonesia’s current state in achieving each SDG.  In Indonesia, the implementation of the SDGs is carried out by Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas).  According to the annual report, there are still plenty of goals that need to be developed to pass the minimum success standard. Among them, two of the most concerning ones are the Clean Energy Goal and the Health and Wellbeing Goal. 
Moreover, Ms. Radhe Ayu explained The UN in Indonesia’s role which is working in various ways to facilitate the government in advancing the SDGs mission including active advocacy. One of the outcomes of that purpose is SDG Academy Indonesia, which is a means to expand and socialize the SDG campaign to every part of Indonesia. Its programs consist of SDG Leadership Program, Mobile Learning Program, Beranda Inspirasi, and Alun-Alun Inovasi. Continuing the robust discussion, Ms. Radhe Ayu then acknowledged how education advocacy became one of the UN in Indonesia’s priorities. She painted the current problems in Indonesia and corresponding data; to suffice, there are lots of homeworks to be done before attempting to further good education, Indonesia first must solve the prevention of children’s marriage, access to clean water and nutritious food, socialization of anti-bullying, adequate teacher’s certification, and many more. To conclude, the SDGs Agenda in Indonesia has been integrated into the national system, nevertheless, there are aspects that need to be further actualized in a more effective grassrooted manners.  Essentially, The SDGs Agenda assists Indonesia’s Government in building a framework to prosperity. Still, the decision to implement is within the Government’s political will.

The UNHCR’s Roles in Indonesia

The last speaker, Ms. Dwita Aryani, spoke on behalf of the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). In Indonesia, UNHCR plays a big part in refugee protection. It assists the government to verify refugees status and is a frontliner in the data validation of the refugees. Ms. Dwita Aryani opened up the session by laying out the historical background of UNHCR following World War II. Then, the discourse moved to the elaboration of legal frameworks and definitions of refugees that are arranged in Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and its 1967 protocol. Whilst Indonesia has not ratified the documents up until this day, Indonesia has signed the Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment which includes the protection of refugees rights. Therefore, Indonesia still has the obligation to provide sanctuary.
From Ms. Dwita Aryani’s elaboration, it can be defined that conditions needed to be met to verify a person as a refugee are; if they are outside the country of their nationality, owing to well-founded fear of persecution, and unable or owing to such fear is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country. In Indonesia’s case, refugees are dispersed in Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Riau, Banten, Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Sulawesi Selatan, and Nusa Tenggara Timur. The case of the Rohingya refugees was especially elaborated as it was a perfect example to show the complexities in managing refugees. Ms. Dwita helped explain how international law, norms, as well as domestic politics all play a role in this issue. Meanwhile, other refugees in Indonesia originated from Afghanistan, Myanmar, Somalia, Yaman, and Sudan.
Responding the needs to protect refugees seeking sanctuary in Indonesia, UNHCR accommodate in 1) Supporting the government in providing international protection for refugees and asylum seekers 2) Finding durable solutions for the refugees 3) Disseminating international refugee law 3) Preventing and reducing statelessness and to protect stateless people. “Then what?” It was such a triggering question was asked by Ms. Dwita Aryani after the long discourse compelled everyone in the room. Before proceeding, the room is made to significantly understand that the process of protecting refugees does not stop in the settlement in the sanctuary country. There are three key solutions possible in processing the afterwards; first, local integration. If the conflict in the home country has not yet settled in long years,  UNHCR hopes the refugees can integrate into the sanctuary country society. Second, resettlement to a third country. Third, waiting for the conflict in the home country to be resolved. Other than that, UNHCR also provides assistance in settling in the sanctuary country in the forms of skills and vocational training, family advocacy, and refugee empowerment advocacy. The case of refugee protection has been a controversial issue in Indonesia. Therefore, UNHCR is responsible for a big role; deconstructing the untrue notions about refugees as well as assisting the government to continue the effort in providing sanctuary for refugees.

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